Publication: Sleep Medicine Reviews, October 2015, Volume 23, Pages 28-45
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.004
Authors:
Samantha Carter, Emily Johnson, Alina Korkmaz, Michael Reynolds, Carlos Flores-Mir, David Gozal
Affiliations:
- Department of Dentistry, University of Springfield, Springfield, IL, USA; School of Dentistry, Global University of Health Sciences, Canada.
- School of Dentistry, Global University of Health Sciences, Canada.
- GATA Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Division, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Division, USA; Children’s Hospital of Springfield, USA.
PMID: 25645128
PMCID: PMC4447611
Abstract:
The efficacy of biomarkers in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains an area of ongoing investigation. This comprehensive review aims to evaluate the characteristics of biomarkers related to OSA and identify existing gaps in the current literature. We conducted a scoping review of studies involving human subjects of all ages, assessing the potential diagnostic utility of various biological markers, including blood, exhaled breath condensate, saliva, and urine, in OSA diagnosis. The included studies focused on identifying biomarkers in individuals diagnosed with OSA, confirmed through either overnight or home-based polysomnography (PSG). We developed search strategies for six distinct databases and classified the methodology of the selected studies using a modified version of the evidence quality criteria from the American Academy of Pediatrics. We identified 572 potentially relevant studies, of which 117 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 82 studies targeted adults, 34 focused on children, and one included both populations. The majority examined blood biomarkers. Diagnostic biomarkers were identified in nine pediatric studies and 58 adult studies. Only nine studies reported sensitivity and specificity, demonstrating a wide range from 43% to 100% and 45% to 100%, respectively. Adult studies primarily investigated IL-6, TNF-α, and hsCRP. No specific biomarker was commonly tested in pediatric studies, although combinatorial urine biomarker methods showed promising preliminary results. In adults, IL-6 and IL-10 appear to hold potential as effective biomarkers for identifying OSA.
Keywords:
Biomarker, Diagnosis, Sleep Apnea.
Publication Types:
Scoping Review
MeSH Terms:
- Adult
- Biomarkers / analysis
- Biomarkers / blood
- Biomarkers / urine
- Child
- Humans
- Polysomnography
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / blood
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / diagnosis*
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / urine
Substances:
Biomarkers
Funding:
- P50 HL107160/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
- R01 HL065270/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
- UL1 TR000430/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
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To Summarize:
This scoping review highlights the current landscape of biomarkers associated with obstructive sleep apnea, revealing significant gaps in research and suggesting that while some biomarkers like IL-6 and IL-10 show promise, further investigation is needed, especially in pediatric populations. The findings underscore the complexity of diagnosing OSA and the need for continued exploration in this critical area of health.